Aconitum Vulparia, Acorus gramineus Variegatus, Aconitum napellus, Acorus gramineus
Ogon, Actaea Rubra, Agastache ‘Liquorice Blue’, Anemone Leveillei, Agastache ‘White
liquorice’, Angelica Gigas, Anemone Barbulata, Angelica Taiwaniana, Alchemilla mollis,
Aquilegia ‘Double Rubies’, Aquilegia Fragrans, Andromeda polifolia Nikko, Aquilegia
‘Royal Purple’, Aquilegia ‘Yabeana’, Arabis Purpurea, Aristolochia chilensis, Arisaema
Consanguineum, Aroids mixed species, Billardiera longiflora, Campanula latifolia
alba, Campanula trachelium, Campanula rapunculoides, Cardiocrinum Giganteum, Collomia
Grandiflora , Crinodendron Patagua, Crocosmia lucifer’, Campanula trachelium alba,
Carex buchananii, Cytisus praecox (x) Albus, Daphne Mezereum Alba, Desfontania Spinosa,
Dianthus Barbatus, Echinops Bannaticus, Echinops Tienschanicum, Echium ‘Blue steeple’,
Echium Italicum, Echium Wildpretii, Erodium Gruinum, Eryngium agavifolium, Eucomis
Reichenbachii, Euphorbia Griffithii ‘Fireglow’, Fascicularia Bicolour, Foeniculum
vulgare purpureum, Gentiana Asclepiadea - Whitethroat, Gentiana Lutea - ‘Giant Yellow,
Gentiana Asclepiadea - Pink Cascade, Gomphostigma - ‘White candy’, Gunnera Manicata,
Heuchera - Emperors cloak, Hoheria Lyallii , Hypericum Hidcote, Iberis Compacta,
Kniphofia Caulescens, Lactuca PlumieriLathyrus niger, Lewisia Cotyledon - Sunset
Strain, Leycesteria Formosa, Ligularia Clivorium - Desdemona, Lithospermum - Starry
night, Lilium Formosum Pricei, Lobelia Tupa, Melanoselinum Decipiens, Melianthus
Major, Melica altissima atropurpurea, Melicytus Obovatus, Mitraria Coccinea, Nectaroscordium
Siculum, Nemesia ‘snowflakes’,Nepeta Clarkei, Nepeta Tuberosa, Notholirion Bulbiferum,
Paulownia Tomentosa, Penstemon Grandiflorus, Penstemon ‘Lilac Frost’, Penstemon Lyallii,
Peucedanum Verticillare, Pittosporum Tenuiflolium, Plantago Major - Rubrifolia, Potentilla
‘Etna’, Potentilla fruticosa Kobold, Prostanthera lasianthos, Puya Coerulea, Rheum
Palmatum - Tanguticum, Stipa arundinacea, Strawberry ‘Golden Alexandrea’, Strawberry
‘White delight’, Strelitzia Nicolai Bird of Paradise - Black, Strelitzia Reginae
Bird of Paradise, Uncinia egmontiana, Verbena Bonariensis, Veronica Kiusiana, Vestia
Lycioide, Weigela Victoria, Zanthoxylum Fortunei,
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A perennial plant is a plant that lives for more than two years, this term applies specifically to herbaceous plants, even though woody plants like shrubs and trees are also perennial in their habit.
Perennials, especially small flowering plants, grow and bloom over the spring and summer and then die back every autumn and winter, then return in the spring from their root-stock rather than seeding themselves as an annual does. These are known as herbaceous perennials. Perennial plants can be short-lived (only a few years) or they can be long-lived, as some woody plants, such as trees, have been living for over 3,000 years. They can vary in size from only a few millimetres to over 100 meters tall. They include a wide assortment of plant groups from ferns and liverworts to the highly diverse flowering plants like Orchids and Grasses. Perennials typically grow structures that allow them to adapt to living from one year to the next. These structures include bulbs, tubers, woody crowns, rhizomes plus others. They might have specialized stems or crowns that allow them to survive periods of dormancy over cold or dry seasons during the year.
Perennials that flower and fruit only once and then die are termed monocarpic or semelparous. However, most perennials are polycarpic, flowering over many seasons in their lifetime. Annuals produce seeds to continue the species as a new generation while the growing season is suitable, and the seeds survive over the cold or dry period to begin growth when the conditions are again suitable. Many perennials, in contrast, have specialized to survive under extreme environmental conditions: some have adapted to survive hot dry conditions, or to survive under cold temperatures. Those plants tend to invest a lot of resource into their adaptations and often do not flower and set seed until after a few years of growth. Many perennials produce relatively large seeds, which can have an advantage, with larger seedlings produced after germination that can better compete with other plants or more quickly develop leaves for photosynthesis. Annuals tend to produce many more seeds per plant since they will die at the end of the growing season, while perennials are not under the same pressure to produce large numbers of seeds but can produce seeds over many years.
In warmer and more clement climates, perennials grow continuously. In seasonal climates, their growth is limited to the growing season. For example, in temperate regions a perennial plant may grow and bloom during the warm part of the year, with the foliage dying back in the winter. These plants are deciduous perennials. Regrowth is from existing stem tissue. In many parts of the world, seasonality is expressed as wet and dry periods rather than warm and cold periods. In some species, perennials retain their foliage all year round, these are evergreen perennials.
