A large shrub or small tree which grows at a fast rate to between 6 and 8m, and occasionally to 12m. It is hardy to zone 5 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from February to March, and the seeds ripen from May to June. The flowers are dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required) and are pollinated by Bees. Female catkins are shorter and less decorative than the males.
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) or heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid and neutral soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist or wet soil. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure.
